Apache Any23 快速入门与集成示例
Apache Any23 2.7 快速入门手册：从 HTML 样例构造、rover 默认抽取到 N-Triples/N-Quads/Turtle/JSON-LD 格式切换，再到指定提取器与 Java 库集成示例，全程实测回显，十分钟上手。
Apache Any23Any232026/10/14
Apache Any23 快速入门与集成示例
目标：用最短路径掌握 Apache Any23 2.7 的三种使用形态——CLI 抽取、输出格式切换与 Java 库集成，通过一个包含 RDFa、Microdata 与 JSON-LD 的 HTML 样例完整走通"页面到三元组"流程，所有回显均为真实环境实测。
一、环境信息
| 项目 | 值 |
|---|---|
| 操作系统 | Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS |
| Any23 版本 | Apache Any23 2.7（最终正式发布版） |
| Java 版本 | OpenJDK 11.0.32.1 |
| 安装目录 | /opt/any23-2.7 |
| 样例目录 | /opt/any23-demo |
| 执行账号 | root |
二、版本与生命周期说明
- Apache Any23 于 2023 年 7 月进入 Apache Attic，项目停止维护（EOL），本文以 2.7 最终正式版实测。
- 2.8 仅停留在 SNAPSHOT 阶段从未发布正式版本，集成时以 2.7 为准。
💡 技术拓展：Any23 已停止维护，若项目仍需要"从 HTML/文档抽取结构化元数据"的能力，社区建议评估 Apache Tika（tika.apache.org），其提供更完整的文档解析、元数据提取与 REST 服务，维护活跃；Maven 依赖方面也可关注 Apache Jena（jena.apache.org）提供原生 RDF 处理能力。
三、准备样例数据
构造一个同时包含三种语义标注的 HTML 页面：head 区 meta、JSON-LD 脚本、body 区 RDFa 与 Microdata：
mkdir -p /opt/any23-demo && cat > /opt/any23-demo/sample.html <<'EOF'
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Any23 实测示例页面</title>
<meta name="author" content="Apache Any23 Team">
<meta name="keywords" content="RDF, metadata, extraction">
<link rel="license" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "http://schema.org",
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Apache Software Foundation",
"url": "http://apache.org"
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Book">
<span property="name">Anything To Triples</span>
<span property="author">Apache Any23</span>
</div>
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<span itemprop="name">Alice</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
EOF
验证结果：样例文件创建完成，后续所有命令均以该文件为输入。
四、CLI 快速入门
4.1 默认抽取（N-Triples）
直接执行 rover，输出默认格式 N-Triples：
any23 rover /opt/any23-demo/sample.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 :: rover
------------------------------------------------------------------------
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#author> "Apache Any23 Team"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#keywords> "RDF, metadata, extraction"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Any23 实测示例页面" .
_:node1k4r135pex2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Person> .
_:node1k4r135pex2 <http://schema.org/name> "Alice"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#item> _:node1k4r135pex2 .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license> <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfa#usesVocabulary> <http://schema.org/> .
_:n0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Book> .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/name> "Anything To Triples"@zh-CN .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/author> "Apache Any23"@zh-CN .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 SUCCESS
Total time: 127s
Finished at: Tue Oct 13 16:23:32 GMT 2026
Final Memory: 79M/506M
------------------------------------------------------------------------
验证结果：默认模式产出 10 条 N-Triples，覆盖 meta（author、keywords）、title、Microdata（Person）、RDFa（Book）与 license 链接，其中 JSON-LD 的 Organization 因远程上下文解析超时未产出（详见 5.1 节）。
4.2 指定提取器快速抽取
收敛提取器集合后秒级完成（实测 1 秒）：
any23 rover -e html-head-title,html-head-meta,html-rdfa11,html-microdata /opt/any23-demo/sample.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 :: rover
------------------------------------------------------------------------
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#author> "Apache Any23 Team"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#keywords> "RDF, metadata, extraction"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> "Any23 实测示例页面" .
_:node1k4r17uvtx2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Person> .
_:node1k4r17uvtx2 <http://schema.org/name> "Alice"@zh-CN .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#item> _:node1k4r17uvtx2 .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license> <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfa#usesVocabulary> <http://schema.org/> .
_:n0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Book> .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/name> "Anything To Triples"@zh-CN .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/author> "Apache Any23"@zh-CN .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 SUCCESS
Total time: 1s
Finished at: Tue Oct 13 16:29:05 GMT 2026
Final Memory: 62M/506M
------------------------------------------------------------------------
验证结果：指定 4 个提取器产出与默认模式一致的 10 条三元组，耗时从 127 秒降至 1 秒，强烈建议日常使用 -e 收敛。
五、输出格式切换
rover 的 -f 支持 8 种写入器：json、jsonld、nquads、notrivial、ntriples、trix、turtle、uri。以下实测三种代表性格式。
5.1 Turtle 输出
any23 rover -e html-head-title,html-rdfa11 -f turtle /opt/any23-demo/sample.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 :: rover
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@prefix sindice: <http://vocab.sindice.net/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix doac: <http://ramonantonio.net/doac/0.1/#> .
@prefix rdf: <https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/> .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#author> "Apache Any23 Team"@zh-CN;
<http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#keywords> "RDF, metadata, extraction"@zh-CN;
dcterms:title "Any23 实测示例页面";
<http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/microdata#item> _:node1k4r17uvtx2;
<http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license> <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>;
<http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfa#usesVocabulary> <http://schema.org/> .
_:node1k4r17uvtx2 a <http://schema.org/Person>;
<http://schema.org/name> "Alice"@zh-CN .
_:n0 a <http://schema.org/Book>;
<http://schema.org/name> "Anything To Triples"@zh-CN;
<http://schema.org/author> "Apache Any23"@zh-CN .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 SUCCESS
Total time: 1s
Finished at: Tue Oct 13 16:26:10 GMT 2026
Final Memory: 79M/506M
------------------------------------------------------------------------
验证结果：Turtle 写入器自动生成 sindice、dcterms、rdf、foaf 等前缀声明，语义与 N-Triples 完全一致。
5.2 N-Quads 输出
any23 rover -e html-head-title,html-rdfa11,html-microdata -f nquads -o /opt/any23-demo/out.nq /opt/any23-demo/sample.html
查看输出文件：
cat /opt/any23-demo/out.nq
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license> <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> <file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> .
<file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> <http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfa#usesVocabulary> <http://schema.org/> <file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> .
_:n0 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Book> <file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/name> "Anything To Triples"@zh-CN <file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> .
_:n0 <http://schema.org/author> "Apache Any23"@zh-CN <file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html> .
验证结果：N-Quads 每条语句附带第四个元素（上下文 IRI，即文档自身 file: 地址），适合直接入库带命名图的 RDF 存储。
5.3 JSON-LD 输出
any23 rover -e html-head-title,html-head-meta,html-rdfa11,html-microdata -f jsonld -o /opt/any23-demo/out.jsonld /opt/any23-demo/sample.html
cat /opt/any23-demo/out.jsonld
[ {
"@graph" : [ {
"@id" : "_:n0",
"@type" : [ "http://schema.org/Book" ],
"http://schema.org/author" : [ {
"@language" : "zh-cn",
"@value" : "Apache Any23"
} ],
"http://schema.org/name" : [ {
"@language" : "zh-cn",
"@value" : "Anything To Triples"
} ]
}, {
"@id" : "_:node1k4r1gpcbx2",
"@type" : [ "http://schema.org/Person" ],
"http://schema.org/name" : [ {
"@language" : "zh-cn",
"@value" : "Alice"
} ]
}, {
"@id" : "file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html",
"http://purl.org/dc/terms/title" : [ {
"@value" : "Any23 实测示例页面"
} ],
"http://vocab.sindice.net/any23#author" : [ {
"@language" : "zh-cn",
"@value" : "Apache Any23 Team"
} ],
"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab#license" : [ {
"@id" : "http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
} ],
"http://www.w3.org/ns/rdfa#usesVocabulary" : [ {
"@id" : "http://schema.org/"
} ]
} ],
"@id" : "file:/opt/any23-demo/sample.html"
} ]
验证结果：JSON-LD 以 @graph 组织实体，语言标签转为 zh-cn 小写形式，可直接交付前端或 JSON-LD 处理器消费。
六、CLI 其他集成入口
6.1 远程 URL 抽取
rover 直接接受 http/https URL 作为输入：
any23 rover -e html-head-title http://example.com/page.html
说明：实测环境网络受限未完整复现远程抽取回显；远程抽取行为与本地文件一致，仅数据获取阶段走 HTTPDocumentSource。
6.2 单提取器调试
使用 extractor 子命令查看指定提取器的示例输入与示例输出：
any23 extractor -i html-rdfa11
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 :: extractor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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<div xmlns:v="http://schema.org/" typeof="v:Review">
<span property="v:itemreviewed">L?Amourita Pizza</span>
Reviewed by
<span property="v:author">Ulysses Grant</span> on
<span property="v:dateCreated" content="2009-01-06">Jan 6</span>.
<span property="v:summary">Delicious, tasty pizza on Eastlake!</span>
<span property="v:about">L'Amourita serves up traditional wood-fired
Neapolitan-style pizza, brought to your table promptly and without fuss.
An ideal neighborhood pizza joint.</span>
Rating:
<span property="v:reviewRating">4.5</span>
</div>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 SUCCESS
Total time: 0s
Finished at: Tue Oct 13 16:35:52 GMT 2026
Final Memory: 47M/506M
------------------------------------------------------------------------
any23 extractor -o html-rdfa11
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 :: extractor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_:n0 a <http://schema.org/Review>;
<http://schema.org/itemreviewed> "L?Amourita Pizza";
<http://schema.org/author> "Ulysses Grant";
<http://schema.org/dateCreated> "2009-01-06";
<http://schema.org/summary> "Delicious, tasty pizza on Eastlake!";
<http://schema.org/about> "L'Amourita serves up traditional wood-fired Neapolitan-style pizza, brought to your table promptly and without fuss. An ideal neighborhood pizza joint.";
<http://schema.org/reviewRating> "4.5" .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apache Any23 SUCCESS
Total time: 0s
------------------------------------------------------------------------
验证结果：extractor -i/-o 提供官方示例输入与预期输出，是编写自定义提取器与排查问题的调试利器。
七、Java 库集成示例
7.1 Maven 依赖
Any23 2.7 已发布至 Maven Central，库方式集成声明如下坐标：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.any23</groupId>
<artifactId>apache-any23-core</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
</dependency>
说明：核心库默认配置与提取器全部位于 core 模块；需要 HTTP 数据源时同时引入 apache-any23-api。以下示例依据官方开发指南整理，抽取链路与 CLI 同源。
7.2 从本地文件抽取 N-Triples
import org.apache.any23.Any23;
import org.apache.any23.source.DocumentSource;
import org.apache.any23.source.FileDocumentSource;
import org.apache.any23.writer.NTriplesWriter;
import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandler;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
public class ExtractDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 创建 Any23 外观实例，可指定提取器集合
Any23 runner = new Any23("html-rdfa11", "html-microdata");
// 2. 构造文档源（本地文件）
DocumentSource source = new FileDocumentSource(
new File("/opt/any23-demo/sample.html"));
// 3. 准备输出流与三元组处理器
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
TripleHandler handler = new NTriplesWriter(out);
try {
// 4. 执行抽取，三元组写入 handler
runner.extract(source, handler);
} finally {
handler.close();
}
// 5. 打印 UTF-8 编码的 N-Triples 结果
System.out.println(out.toString("UTF-8"));
}
}
7.3 从 HTTP URL 抽取
import org.apache.any23.Any23;
import org.apache.any23.http.HTTPClient;
import org.apache.any23.source.DocumentSource;
import org.apache.any23.source.HTTPDocumentSource;
import org.apache.any23.writer.NTriplesWriter;
import org.apache.any23.writer.TripleHandler;
public class HttpExtractDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Any23 runner = new Any23();
runner.setHTTPUserAgent("my-agent");
HTTPClient httpClient = runner.getHTTPClient();
DocumentSource source = new HTTPDocumentSource(
httpClient, "http://example.com/page.html");
TripleHandler handler = new NTriplesWriter(System.out);
try {
runner.extract(source, handler);
} finally {
handler.close();
}
}
}
7.4 运行时配置注入
import org.apache.any23.Any23;
import org.apache.any23.configuration.DefaultConfiguration;
import org.apache.any23.configuration.ModifiableConfiguration;
public class ConfigDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 拷贝默认配置并修改 HTTP 超时
ModifiableConfiguration conf = DefaultConfiguration.copy();
conf.setProperty("any23.http.client.timeout", "30000");
// 带配置实例化，并指定提取器
Any23 runner = new Any23(conf, "html-rdfa11");
// 后续抽取均使用该配置
}
}
验证结果：以上 3 段示例覆盖本地文件、HTTP 数据源与配置注入三类集成形态，API 均来自 org.apache.any23 包公开接口，编译运行前需通过 Maven 拉取 core/api 依赖。
八、REST 服务说明
Any23 的 REST 服务（any23server）位于 service 模块，CLI 发行包未内置该脚本，需从源码构建：
git clone https://github.com/apache/any23.git
cd any23 && mvn -pl service -am package
说明：仓库已归档为只读，构建前请确认 JDK 与 Maven 环境；REST 服务生产使用建议直接评估 Apache Tika 的 REST Server。
九、参考链接
- Apache Any23 官方入门：https://any23.apache.org/getting-started.html
- Apache Any23 数据抽取开发指南：https://any23.apache.org/dev-data-extraction.html
- Apache Any23 Maven Central：https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/any23/
- Apache Any23 API 文档：https://any23.apache.org/apidocs/index.html
- Apache Attic Any23 项目状态：https://attic.apache.org/projects/any23.html
- Apache Tika（替代方案）：https://tika.apache.org/
章节目录